Edited: October 31, 2025 (Instagram info was added)
This blog post concerns a video in which Dr. Tögel1 explains how mainstream media is used for propaganda and cognitive warfare2. He goes into great detail about what is being said, what is being claimed, and what is true or false. The video concerns the German ZDF broadcast, published on October 23rd, titled “Markus Lanz.”3 Markus Lanz4 moderates the interview with guests: Georg Mascolo5, Katja Kloger6, and Andrey Gurkov7.
Dr. Jonas Tögel:
When I watched the “Markus Lanz” program from October 23, 2025, and analyzed it for war propaganda, I was immediately struck by how one-sided the choice of guests was: Both Katja Gloger and her husband, Georg Mascolo, are members of the “Atlantikbrücke” – a transatlantic think tank that receives funding from, among others, banks and the German Foreign Office. Unfortunately, Markus Lanz did not introduce either of them as transatlantic lobbyists. The selection of guests thus plays a significant role: I myself have experienced firsthand that one is not invited to talk shows if one does not represent the desired positions. Source Instagram
The “Markus Lanz” show from October 23rd is a good example of how the same issues can be presented very differently: In the program, it’s perfectly acceptable to discuss state terrorism: terrorist attacks are carried out by one’s own intelligence services, for which an enemy is blamed, against whom war can now be waged under the pretext of “terrorism.” When it comes to the 1999 terrorist attacks in Moscow and the Russian KGB/FSB is the possible perpetrator, such considerations are not only permissible but even probable. However, when it comes to September 11, 2001, and American intelligence services as possible perpetrators, such considerations are not allowed and are dismissed as “conspiracy theories.” I find that astonishing. Source Instagram
Because the mainstreampropaganda system, explained in detail in this video, is not only used in Germany, the video is published here, so that we all can learn how the crowds are mislead, brainwashed. The video is subtitled. Choose your language in the menu bar. The menu bar becomes visible after you have clicked the red YT start button.
International Consortium of Investigative Journalists – Georg Mascolo – https://www.icij.org/journalists/georg-mascolo “Georg Mascolo, Germany, is a bestselling author and journalist who worked for nearly 25 years for the Spiegel Group. From 2008 until 2013, he was editor-in-chief of Spiegel magazine. From 2014 until 2022, he was the head of the Joint Investigative Group of Süddeutsche Zeitung and the two German public broadcasters WDR and NDR. Mascolo has been an ICIJ member since 1998. He has been the dean of the Bucerius Summer School on Global Governance since 2017. In 2014, he was named Political Journalist of the Year by the influential professional journal Medium Magazin.”↩︎
Journalismusfest Innsbruck – Katja Gloger – https://www.journalismusfest.org/en/katja-gloger-2 “Katja Gloger studied Eastern European history, Political science and Slavic studies in Hamburg and Moscow. After graduating from the German School of Journalism in Munich, she became a TV-reporter for WDR Radio and Television in Cologne. From 1989 on she was based as correspondent for the weekly Stern in Moscow.. Gloger interviewed Mikhail Gorbachev, Boris Yeltsin and Vladimir Putin, whom she accompanied for months as the first Western correspondent. She later headed the foreign desk of Stern and was posted as senior political correspondent to Washington, D.C. Honored with the Henri-Nannen-Award and named political “Journalist of the Year” she now works as a freelance journalist and book author focusing on Russia and Security Policy. Her books include Putin’s World: The New Russia, Ukraine and the West; Stranger Friends: Germans and Russians. The Story of a Fateful Relationship and the bestseller Outbreak: Insights into a Pandemic. She is a regular guest on German radio and television, panelist and moderator of discussions on Russia and international affairs. In her honorary capacity, she is Spokesperson and Executive Member of the Board of RSF Reporters without Borders, Germany. She lives in Berlin.”↩︎
The title is an edited quoted part of a by Dr. Ola Tunander spoken sentence [“They brought in the whole Nazifascist structures into the CIA”] from the video:
How The Deep Empire Eliminates Threats To Its Hegemony
– An in-depth discussion, a verbal documentary about political assassinations in the (far) past, world wide, coups, and more. – Participating are: Ola Tunander, Dirk Pohlmann and Pascal Lottaz – Published: October 15, 2025
Ola Tunander (image upper right) (born in Stockholm, Sweden in 1948) is a research professor emeritus at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO, Norway)
Dirk Pohlmann (born August 11, 1959) is a German journalist, author, screenwriter, director and producer of about 25 historical documentaries for German public media Arte, ARD and ZDF
Pascal Lottaz (picture left, discussion leader) is an Assistant Professor for Neutrality Studies at the Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, in Tokyo. He received his MA and PhD from the National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (Japan) and specializes on neutral actors in international relations, especially on neutrality during the two World Wars and during the Cold War. He recently published the books Sweden, Japan, and the Long Second World War (Routledge, 2022), Permanent Neutrality: A Model for Peace, Security, and Justice (Lexington Books, 2020), and Notions of Neutralities (Lexington Books, 2019). He leads the research network neutralitystudies.com.
Pascal Lottaz: “Today I’m talking again to Dr. Ola Tunander and Dirk Pohlmann. I have talked to both of them separately before, but tonight we want to do a panel on the political murders in Europe throughout the Cold War and into the Unipolar Moment when people who worked for Peace and a political rapprochement with the East and the global South just died. Together, we trace the shadowy links between these deaths, uncovering a world of deep state networks, Nazi assassins repurposed by Western intelligence, and the brutal enforcement of an empire’s unwritten rules. We explore why challenging the colonial order or building economic bridges to the East became a death sentence.”
Additional information
Ola Tunander: The killing of PM Olof Palme
Prime Minister of Sweden, Olof Palme, 28 September 1984 (Photo: Source: Ministry of the Presidency. Government of Spain).
Lecture (2023) by Dr. Jonas Tögel, published on September 10, 2025 (subtitled)
Dr. Jonas Tögel is a German psychologist, American studies scholar, propaganda researcher, and bestselling author. He works as a research associate at the Institute of Psychology at the University of Regensburg. His motivation is to help people recognize, understand, and neutralize manipulation in everyday life and propaganda. In doing so, he is committed to strengthening his audience’s resilience so that one can remain peaceful, positive, and able to act even in difficult times. Website: Dr. Jonas Tögel
“When I gave my lecture on NATO’s cognitive warfare in spring 2023, it was not foreseeable how much the threat of war in Europe would increase. Today it is clear that cognitive warfare has divided populations, weakened the peace movement, and that it is therefore possible to continue to push forward with rearmament and a new, major war in Europe. What is needed now is an understanding of the mechanisms of war propaganda and a determined, shared, and loud desire for peace.” – Dr. Jonas Tögel
Quote: “[…..] we first discuss how to define “misinformation”, and how it relates to various other commonly used terms such as “disinformation” and “fake news”. Next, we examine the psychology of correcting misinformation: what happens when someone is exposed to a fact check, and what are the benefits and drawbacks of correcting misinformation once the damage is already done? Finally, we discuss how to build psychological resilience against misinformation through psychological “vaccines” or “inoculation”: we look at the theoretical background of inoculation theory (dating back to the 1960s), its modern application within the context of online misinformation (in online games and educational videos), and future prospects and research avenues in the field.“
Attention: Both authors are professors at the university of Cambridge: check Jon Roozenbeek and Sander van der Linden. The biography on their Cambridge profile doesn’t mention any collaboration with NATO or writing for NATO. There’s no link to the NATO document “Inoculation Theory and Misinformation”. Why not? There must be a reason. There’s no link to their Cambridge profile on the NATO profile. Check: Jon Roozenbeek and Sander van der Linden. Why not? Conclusion: That, which cannot stand the light of day, is being concealed. Both professors have prostituted their knowledge regarding the possibility of brain manipulation, and NATO is the pimp.
In case the page will be removed from the NATO website, and all denied, today, October 11, 2025 this PDF has been created. The from the NATO website downloaded file: PDF
Screenshot taken October 11, 2025, from the NATO website.
LECTURE by DR. JONAS TÖGEL, German psychologist, American studies scholar, propaganda researcher, and bestselling author. He works as a research associate at the Institute of Psychology at the University of Regensburg. His motivation is to help people recognize, understand, and neutralize manipulation in everyday life and propaganda. In doing so, he is committed to strengthening his audience’s resilience so that one can remain peaceful, positive, and able to act even in difficult times. Website: Dr. Jonas Tögel
Part 1: NATO vs. Russia – Understanding Geostrategy (subtitles available) Published: October 5, 2025
Part 2. Going to war with geostrategy? Published: October 8, 2025
Paperback – May 22, 2025 Author: Benoit Paré, born in Paris, in 1961, is living in Greece since 1986. He is a French army reserve officer and former defense ministry analyst. Most importantly, Mr. Paré worked for the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), as part of the seize-fire monitoring mission in Eastern Ukraine.
Ukraine 2015-2022.
A unique account of its kind, precise, sensitive, and personal, seen from the inside of an international mission at the heart of the Donbass war. The reality on the ground, from the front lines. New revelations, notably concerning civilian casualties, human rights violations, conflict-related trials, and the manipulation of facts. And then, how the US-sponsored Ukrainian ultra-nationalist project provoked Moscow’s reaction. This book is primarily intended for those who prioritize facts over partisanship and who want to understand how the deadliest conflict in Europe since World War II came about.
Video interview conducted by Pascal Lottaz, Neutrality Studies. Premiered on August 5, 2025: “Today I’m talking to Benoît Paré, a French army reserve officer and former defense ministry analyst. Most importantly, Mr. Paré worked for the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), as part of the seize-fire monitoring mission in Eastern Ukraine. He also wrote a book about this experiences in the Donbas with the title “What I saw in Ukraine: 2015-2022, Diary of an international Observer”.”
French MEP Fabrice Leggeri delivers a blistering speech in the European Parliament, accusing European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen of a €35 billion vaccine deal negotiated via SMS — without public tender or transparency. As MEPs debate a no-confidence motion, the “Pfizergate” scandal reignites questions of abuse of power, democratic accountability, and the future of EU leadership. With a historic vote looming, will von der Leyen survive the storm?
Very courageous of Fabrice Leggeri, to speak the full truth, to the exact person, who sits there, and gets the applause for Leggeri’s words as a deserved punishment for her authoritarian behaviour, warmongering, deciding as the unelected “mother” of the European peoples, and reason why she is compared in the pictures media, with Snow white’s stepmother who tries to kill her. I applaude as well, and I am certain all who watch this video. Applaud, by liking this video, sharing it everywhere. To realise that she is forced to step down. So that we will be liberated from evil.
Edited: July 06, 2025 – Note: In the meantime we passed the year 2022, in which, named like that: the Russian Special Project started. In the post below I write that Russian politics, like all politics world wide, are not reliable. That was in 2020, when I was not up to date about the developments in Kiev, Ukraine, the coup there in 2014, the provoked war, etc. etc. All what is related with that is to be found in my blog Sustainable Politics, that I started in 2023, after my LinkedIn posts/comments had been censored because of EU guidelines and my account had been suspended for a short time: I was even named a Russian Troll there. But there is more, and since the war in Ukraine, all what happened there, and in USA, Europe, my political knowledge about Russia has become real in-depth knowledge, fact checked, after having been informed about Putin, Lavrov, the provoking aggressive role of NATO, USA, EU, in the Ukraine war, etc., by the highest reliable of the west’s political scientists and investigative journalists. You can find a gallery, and a list of them here. My answer on the question, that I asked myself in 2020: into which direction I would run in case needed: I would still, now, 2025, run into the direction of Russia, but taking my Acousticom2 with me to find a green place to live, because also in Russia the radiation from man-made EMF is too high. RNCNIRP is an advisory commission. Not a governmental EMF safety guidelines decision makers commission.Read more about RNCNIRP here.
The new guidelines for schools, and online learning at home, as presented by the ministry of health in Russia, are created by RusCNIRP, a group of independent scientists who have studied EMF and experienced electromagnetic radiation on volunteering humans, in Russia. RusCNIRP has found highly alarming research results concerning the health of all human beings, especially for the foetus, babies, children, and teenagers. Not only for Russians, not only for Russian foetuses, babies, children and teenagers, but for all human beings. Science is not politically interested, not owned by politics and governments.
“Russian propaganda” as it essentially is, is not related at all with what the Ministry of Health in Moscow has decided about schools and online learning at home, but the decision of the Russian Ministry of Health opens indeed a very nice crystal clear view on Russia and the care of Russians for their children.
The “Free West”?
“Russian propaganda” is an expression for those outside Russia who like to influence the opinion of the crowds who live in the so-called “free west”, where all can say what they like to say [but nobody listens]. The “free” west does not exist. In the free west the so-called free people have become the slaves of the industry that rules all the governments, via the votes of these slaves, via a fake democratic system. In the free west people really believe they are free.
Capitalism and Communism
Russia is not different from the “free west”, since also there political systems restrict the people’s freedom: the Tsar was thrown from the throne in 1917 and other types of “Tsars” took over the totalitarian power. The “free west”points to Russia as an unfree state, Russia points to the west for the same. The industry in both East and West has during the era of the industrialisation taken over the reigns of politics[see article]. Capitalism is now also blossoming where communism was and even IS dictated. Communism is essentially an utterly social “ism”, but the world was not ready for it and one cannot force human evolution by violence, as happened in Russia, as happens in China, and why communist countries are factually not communist at all. Capitalism rules also in China, North Korea, everywhere. Also EU is not different from what is happening in Russia, in USA. The industry is the absolute totalitarian power where all world politics are merchandisers for. The crisis we are in is a result of blind capitalism, and the inborn and stimulated by industry greed of human beings.
Painting: Polish artist Zdzisław Beksiński, without a title. For me it is the blind monster industry that eats human beings. All walk in his wide opened mouth, something inside urges them to go in it (greed) and they do not see where they walk into. Their mind is sleeping. They are blind also. Not aware of what is happening: that they will be transformed into the faeces of the monster. Humans are the industry’s waste.
“If freedom is here, what does prison look like?”
“If freedom is here, what does prison look like?” Source
The so-called “free west” is scaremongering people for Russia, because the so-called “free west” people could lose their freedom, their free choice, their free will, when Russia is going to become too powerful. Which freedom?
“If freedom is here, what does prison look like?” Source
Well,
when reading the news about 5G, the way it is rolled out and the speed of the rollout
when discovering the total absence of any industrial scientific research of the biological effects of 5G
when learning about the support of the “free” west of corrupted safety guidelines decision makers groups like ICNIRP, FCC, ARPANSA, Safety Code 6 [See also: wikipedia]
when reading about Bill Gates, vaccines, the totally absurd, insane, unnecessary vaccine cocktail of till about 16 different vaccines, where parents of new born babies in USA are obliged to agree with. Read article Children’s Health Defense
…then I wonder in what kind of a freedom we live in. Then I do not wonder which side I should choose if it comes to choices:
I would choose for Russia.
My view on Russia
Choosing for Russia is not a synonym for agreeing with their politics, though I understand the Russian revolution, though I love their hymn, and though I understand the essence of communism. As a child I felt the enormous fear of both my parents, when the news came that Russia invaded Hungary [1956]. I was 8 years old. When there was ever something to be afraid of, later, I translated it automatically into “Russians”. My father hated Stalin, deeply, he hated communism, the communist leaders, and I did not understand it then, but later I did, and I agreed. I learned later that politics is not the same as culture. I learned from my mother the love for the Russian dances and music, but I also felt and feel love for for instance Spanish dances, Hungarian dances, all traditional dances and music. I dislike the music of the American cowboys however, their arrogant view on the American indigenous people, and their “country and western” music. I can not listen to it.
I love nature. As Russians do. Love for nature is deeply rooted in the Russian soul. I feel the same. When it comes to choices, I choose for Russia. If I had to run for my life, I would run to Russia, not to the USA.
My view on the USA
America was a glorious country, for me, Americans were heroes: born some years after WWII out of parents who witnessed the war in the Netherlands, and who experienced Americans as liberators, I only heard positive words, and deep respect. America was glorified. My view on America changed during my life and on a certain moment I really did not understand why people would like to go there, to live there, or to go for a holiday there. The American glory of 1945 must have created an addiction in Americans to glory itself, to play the role of the liberator everywhere in the world, and to interfere finally in politics where they did not have the right to. The greed of their ancestors, who invaded America, was and is obviously in the DNA of the Americans: they never stopped to invade, and their out of the cowboy-guns derived advanced war industry helped them to win insane cruel wars. During the last decades the American glory faded out. Then there was Trump with: “We Make America Great Again!”
His politics have speeded up the rotting process of USA that started when Columbus arrived on that continent. He exposes the enormous numbers of far-right voters, Trump voters, the fake holiness of Christians in USA, who made it happen that Trump won. “It was meant to be, and a sign of God”. Most probably all this could happen because white-supremacy-America has no authentic culture, with roots far back in history, from the beginning of mankind: Americans of the present are the heirs of the fortune hunters from Europe. All what was authentic American has been stolen, killed, removed, ridiculed, humiliated, and this has not stopped yet: the indigenous people of America who are still alive still live in reservations and have no rights. The white supremacy overruled not only the indigenous people, but also the by white supremacists from Africa into America entered black people, the white man’s slaves, and all other human colours that appeared in USA, and are trying to enter right now the USA: “Go back where you came from!“. But the new Americans are awaking already a long time, and times and American society are finally really changing. The white supremacists feel backed into a corner, and act in the same way as those who invaded America, and killed all who were trying to defend their property and were opposing them. There is a revival of the cowboy mentality and it is supported by their self chosen pro-cowboy government. But much more intense: it is now a political movement.
That Americans [together with the British, Canadians, Polish and Russians] liberated Europe from Nazi Germany, stays a fact where we, Europeans, are eternally grateful for. The new fact is that Nazism is now experiencing a new dawn in the USA itself.
It is the world wide governing American, by politics funded and supported industries, and out of this American industry mentality born Russian, Chinese, Iranian, African, South American, Australian, Canadian, and European industries, which rule humanity, life on Earth. The shallow life-style in industrial countries is comparable with the shallow lifestyle as presented in the many Hollywood films, which have polluted the view of humans on sexuality and respect, world wide. The seed of the rottenness of the entire world started to grow in Hollywood, and infected via the Hollywood films all peoples of the world. Telecom industry is derived from America’s film industry, and America’s war industry, that found propaganda for it via the film industry and nowadays via the gaming industry, a side product of the film industry. Telecom uses psychological ways to hide its own propaganda by blaming Russia for what it is doing itself. Wake up, peoples of the world, stop to be sheeples [for those who think I wrote it wrong: sheeples is combination of sheep and peoples].
Conclusion
The claim of the telecommunications industry that the in Russia banned smartphones and Wi-Fi from schools should be considered as Russian propaganda, is a dirty lie, and propaganda itself, merchandising, manipulating the mind of the “free west” peoples, in order to achieve that the sheeples will say no to a sane, ethical decision of Russians. Sanity and ethics are missing in the telecom industry, in all industries, the multi nationals. Everywhere. Governments should disconnect from the industry and their catastrophic economic fetishism. The Russian Ministry of Health did. If there is a future, it must be in Russia. The signs are there that they can think.
Note: the mentioned tweet in the first sentence was published by Susan Foster. Susan Foster lives in Colorado, USA, writes articles for Children’s Health Defense, and is Honorary Firefighter of the San Diego Fire Department; US Adviser EM Radiation Research Trust (UK). See: Twitter. Her timeline on Twitter also shows how the situation in the USA is escalating.
One of Susan Foster’s tweets contains the following video. The YouTube channel shows more of the USA, where pro-American governments are willing to cooperate with, and not with Russia. Russian politics are, as all politics, indeed not reliable, but the Russian culture, art and science is still very strong and of a high quality. Russia is part of geological Europe. So, EU, do not blame me for choosing for Russia. It is born out of your own totalitarian politics, by hiding details about 5G, by mandating 5G, your undemocratic politics about so-called safety guidelines for EMF by choosing for the ICNIRP monopoly, mandating unhealthy, unnecessary vaccines, denying the facts of pesticides, neonicotinoids, that kill life in soils, and by cooperating with a country that is reigned by “Gestapo Trump“. Washing hands in innocence, pretending to be leaders, our truthful leaders, walking like cowardly sheep behind Big “Brother” USA.
KNOWLEDGE OF FREEDOM Chapter 01 – Conscious Human Action Chapter 02 – The Fundamental Desire for Knowledge Chapter 03 – Thinking in the Service of Knowledge Chapter 04 – The World as Percept Chapter 05 – The Act of Knowing the World Chapter 06 – Human Individuality Chapter 07 – Are There Limits to Knowledge? Chapter 08 – The Factors of Life Chapter 09 – The Idea of Freedom Chapter 10 – Freedom — Philosophy and Monism Chapter 11 – World Purpose and Life Purpose Chapter 12 – Moral Imagination Chapter 13 – The Value of Life Chapter 14 – Individuality and Genus
Clare Daly is an Irish politician and former Member of the European Parliament. She was a member of Independents 4 Change, affiliated with The Left group. Since 2024, she has been actively involved in Irish politics. Andrew Lowenthal is an independent writer, researcher, and digital-rights specialist focused on digital authoritarianism, misinformation, and civil liberties. He co‑founded and led the Asia‑Pacific nonprofit EngageMedia for nearly eighteen years, has been a fellow at Harvard’s Berkman Klein Center and MIT’s Open Documentary Lab, and currently heads liber‑net, a digital civil‑liberties initiative.
‘The two reasons why I’m a Russian propagandist is I said two things: 1: that the war in Ukraine was a NATO proxy war; 2: that the people of Europe were suffering more than the Russian economy from the sanctions that Europe had imposed on Russia’
Andrew Lowenthal (at 28:29) is an independent writer, researcher, and digital-rights specialist focused on digital authoritarianism, misinformation, and civil liberties. He co‑founded and led the Asia‑Pacific non-profit EngageMedia for nearly eighteen years, has been a fellow at Harvard’s Berkman Klein Center and MIT’s Open Documentary Lab, and currently heads liber‑net, a digital civil‑liberties initiative.
According to theCommittee to Protect Journalists, 2024 was the deadliest year on record for journalists, with at least 124 killed. A significant number of these deaths occurred in Gaza, where the ongoing conflict took a devastating toll on reporters covering the war.
While Europe has commonly been a safer place, we are seeing how the continent’s journalists are facing growing threats: harassment, surveillance, strategic lawsuits against public participation (SLAPPS), and, in some cases, physical violence. In Eastern Europe, governments use state-controlled media and legal pressure to silence dissenting voices, as seen in Hungary and Poland. Countries like France, Germany and Greece also report rising hostility toward journalists, especially during protests or when covering sensitive topics.
Our revelations on the European Media Freedom Act negotiations exposed governments’ intentions to authorise surveillance against journalists. Our findings were crucial to ensure the passing of a fairer law – but still, a magnitude of risks and threats remain.
Today, on World Press Freedom Day, we want to show solidarity with colleagues around the world and raise awareness about the importance of a free and independent media.
At Investigate Europe we use our reach across the continent to ensure that institutions are scrutinised, powerful actors are held accountable and transparency prevails.
In the video below, our reporter in Hungary, Attila Kálmán, and editorial director, Alessia Cerantola, express support for journalists standing up for press freedom and bring you closer to the work we do.
Your support allows us to continue to publish agenda-setting investigative journalism and defend press freedom across Europe.
Judge Andrew Napolitano published on April 18, 2025, the following video, which is a clip from the online discussion with John Mearsheimer, published on April 17, 2025: Prof. John Mearsheimer : China and Trade.
Additional
A. Sustainable Politics Blog, opinion: The same message, meant for the American people, should be heard by the entire collective west, which is dominated, influenced / indoctrinated and mentally owned by the world’s hegemon: USA.
B. Important feedback, indirectly/directly related with the message in the video above:
C. My comment on Judge Napolitano’s video clip: “We all know that cellphones are addictive. That TikTok has an extremely addictive influence on the user’s mind. China has not banned cellphones, and is even already working at 7G, while not any scientific research about it’s safety, not even 5G’s safety1, has been realized, except the investigations of the Swedish professor Lennart Hardell and investigative EMF expert Mona Nilsson: their case studies prove that 5G is dangerous to human health2.
My remark here is: it would be interesting to find out if the one in the video, though he sounds sane and mentally completely healthy, is addicted to his cellphone also. And how many Chinese are addicted to their cellphone. To TikTok.”
Article: The 5G Safety Myth: Assumed Safe, Not Proven Safe Nicolas Hulscher, MPH Published: March 15, 2025 In: Substack and Focal Points↩︎
Strålskyddsstiftelsen, the Swedish Radiation Protection Foundation – list with English language articles. Among these: 5G case studies: https://radiationprotection.se↩︎
Sustainable Politics 